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- <text id=90TT0651>
- <title>
- Mar. 12, 1990: A Longing To Go Home
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Mar. 12, 1990 Soviet Disunion
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SPECIAL SECTION: THE SOVIET EMPIRE, Page 51
- A Longing to Go Home
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The despair of a twice-exiled people is etched into Inna
- Hairadze's tear-streaked face. Together with 100 other
- Meskhetian Turks, she stands in a thin wool coat on a Moscow
- street, protesting her people's lot. In 1944, "to strengthen
- border safety," Joseph Stalin deported the Turks from their
- mountainous homeland in Georgia to the flatlands of Uzbekistan.
- Then, last June, the Uzbeks rose up against the Turks, burning
- houses, belongings, even babies. One hundred people died, and
- 17,000 Turks were moved out. Authorities in Moscow scattered the
- refugees across Russia, where they are still denied permanent
- residence status and thus cannot get good jobs. "We want only
- our homeland," Hairadze implores. "We'll take even a marsh."
- </p>
- <p> Hairadze is but one of 3 million people in the Soviet Union
- who, thanks to Stalin's legacy, still live unwillingly outside
- their native regions. Now, increasingly, these unhappy outcasts
- are demanding their old lands back. But going home is
- problematic when home has been usurped. After the Meskhetians
- and other groups were driven out during World War II, new
- communities moved in. So even though Gorbachev's government has
- denounced Stalin's deportations, it faces major obstacles in
- reversing the past.
- </p>
- <p> The first victims of Stalin's expulsions were the Koreans
- who peopled the Soviet Far East. In 1937 they were herded to the
- snow-blown steppes of Kazakhstan to prevent them from
- "collaborating" with the Japanese. Later Stalin deemed the Volga
- Germans "saboteurs and spies" and in 1941 banished them to
- Siberia. The Crimean Tatars followed in 1944. Other exiled
- nationalities included the Kalmucks, Chechens, Ingush and the
- Balkars. By the 1960s, some of these groups had been
- rehabilitated and given back their autonomous regions. But
- "lost" peoples remain, among them the Volga Germans, Crimean
- Tatars and Meskhetian Turks.
- </p>
- <p> Today Russians occupy the grain-growing Volga, Ukrainians
- the Crimea's sunny coast, and Georgians the stone houses built
- long ago by Turks. These relative newcomers are loath to make
- way for returning natives, especially in these tough times. Says
- Igor Krupnik, a researcher at the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Ethnography: "The Crimeans can't let the Tatars
- come back and have houses when there is a waiting list years
- long."
- </p>
- <p> While many officials are apathetic toward the displaced
- peoples, others have been openly hostile, perhaps in an effort
- to shore up their own declining popularity. According to Genrikh
- Grout, spokesman for Renewal, a society devoted to returning
- Germans to the Volga, authorities in the Saratov area along the
- Volga River have publicly denounced would-be German returnees
- as "fascists." Says Grout: "There is no soap, milk, sausage or
- order here, and this [name-calling] is a channel to siphon off
- resentment."
- </p>
- <p> Because of its souring relations with the outlying
- republics, Moscow is wary of intervening. Given the resentments
- caused by the army's brutal suppression of a peaceful
- demonstration in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi last April, the
- central government does not dare ask the agitated Georgians to
- return Turkish villages to the Meskhetians. Moscow has ordered
- up a plan for repatriating the Crimean Tatars and Volga Germans,
- but nothing has been done yet.
- </p>
- <p> The plight of the Meskhetians has yet to be resolved by
- Moscow, and the Turks, who long for the Georgian sun and wish
- to preserve their language and customs, are growing restless.
- Many have taken the situation into their own hands and have
- returned to Georgia, only to be cast out by authorities there.
- Ansar Ismailogle, leader of the Meskhetians who protested in
- Moscow, traveled to Georgia last year and ventured to a spot
- from which he could see his birthplace of Atshuri. But he was
- not allowed to visit the village. Said the homesick Turk: "I
- looked and cried."
- </p>
- <p>By Elizabeth Tucker/Moscow.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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